منابع مشابه
Title Contrafreeloading and the value of control over visual stimuli
19 Contrafreeloading, which means that animals work for food even though 20 identical food is freely available, has been reported in animals’ feeding behavior. This 21 phenomenon has been assumed to be explained by the information primacy model, in 22 which the information about a food resource as well as the food itself is valuable for 23 animals. This study confirmed a contrafreeloading-like ...
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Domestic cattle (Bos taurus taurus) are adapted to digest high-roughage diets, but in confinement they are commonly fed low-roughage, high-energy diets. This practice may leave cattle with an unfulfilled need to consume forage. A way to quantify motivation is to require animals to work to access a resource. Using this method, we evaluated cattle motivation to obtain forage when fed high- or low...
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When performing multiple tasks in succession, self-organization of task order might be superior compared to external-controlled task schedules, because self-organization allows optimizing processing modes and thus reduces switch costs, and it increases commitment to task goals. However, self-organization is an additional executive control process that is not required if task order is externally...
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متن کاملFostering EFL Teacher Enthusiasm through Vision Enhancement and its Relationship with Students’ Attitude and Effort
Teacher enthusiasm and its impact on students’ learning and emotions have remained unnoticed in the realm of second language learning and teaching. This study aimed at exploring the possibility of boosting language teacher enthusiasm and its potential relationship with language learners’ effort and attitude for language learning. In order to foster teacher enthusiasm, the highly novel concept o...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society
سال: 1984
ISSN: 0090-5054
DOI: 10.3758/bf03333788